A Water Filled Radiator for Domestic Heating Essay

As the winter sets in its time for all of us to look for space heaters that causes less inconveniences and inefficiencies compared to the conventional ones. Most of the older ones available in the market is found to consume considerable amount of energy and also result in skyrocketing the energy bills. Further, the noise it generates is another aspect that needs to be eliminated in any type of product model used for space heating. The disturbance its fans would cause to the indoor environment would prevent any peaceful reading activity or undertaking any work that demands a quiet ambiance. The poor material choice on internal moving parts is another problem that might result in improper operation. The clogging of the air intake pipes with rust and dust is a common problem that most of the heater service men are forced to handle frequently. In addition to these, poor thermostats in these units often result in the wide variations in the indoor temperatures causing severe irritations and cannot ensure consistent comfort levels. The equipment if had the flexibility in operation like option to adjust its wattage level would result in higher energy efficiency and lower cost of power. It would also be better if it causes very less inconvenience in its assembly and installation. Some of the equipments in the market had cumbersome process in its assembly which needed any strong support of the installation manual and personnel, which certainly need to be addressed in any of the new models. And ultimately the buyers need to feel the cost effectiveness of the product that can turn out to be the best valued piece for the space-heating requirement. (Mmclynne, 2008) Most of the house doesn’t have uniform thermal environment in the house. The kids space have considerable lower level of temperature causing severe discomfort levels. The installing the water filled radiator heater have found significant advantages over the other type of models available in the market. The major attraction on these units are the total absence on the noise and the awkward operational steps that most of the earlier models had. The opinion from various users were tremendous and all of them unanimously favored the water filled radiator heaters. The positive opinion being given for the Holmes Water Filled Radiator Heaters clearly establishes the merit of these type of models for their efficiency and effectiveness. Most of the operators were amazed on the total elimination of the noise for this type of models as they hardly realized whether the system was working. On the electricity bills too, all the users realized significant reduction in their bills and the heating offered was uniform thus if a parameter like volume heated per unit energy consumed the Holmes model outclassed most of the conventional ones as it ensured uniform heating across the entire room space rather than partial heating observed in the other types. Even the safety aspect the Holmes model has considered in design is enormous. Though the external surface is at a slightly higher temperature even the kids were not hurt when they tried to have a feel their surface when in operation. Most of the buyers have rated it as the most valued product for the money. Specification of the Product The technical specification of the product is as follows (Holmes, n. d. ) Wattage : low to high variability in operation 100 W to 1500 W Working voltage : 120 V AC (60 Hz) Effective control of heat generated using better control of thermostats. Better safety features with automatic cut off and strong carrying case. User friendly fan heater with access control from the top Measures approximately 2. 5 to 3 pounds. Product Design Philosophy The significant difference in the product design statement exist in the water filled radiator based water heaters. The principle heat transfer mechanism is through convection. The radiator type of heaters undertakes the heating of the rooms trough the convective movement of the air for circulating the warm air for the entire volume. Another major advantage in design of this type of system is that it is not required to function on a high power level for heating the entire room space. These types of units consume very low levels of energy as they are able to cycle between the wattages in their effort to make the inner space at the design temperature levels. Besides these, these units also help to eliminate the problems caused from the corrosion of the metal components and the problems caused from the highly combustible nature. As the water is the major liquid in the water heater radiator type room heaters, the problems of corrosion and possibility for combustion can be eliminated. The space heaters are unavoidable gadgets in the cold regions across he world. To give a better thermal environment is necessary to make the indoor stay more comfortable. These heaters vary in size quite differently from the being a small portable heater to large wall or ceiling mounted heaters that are most fixed permanently. The small and portable ones are preferred in the residential units while the permanent ones are preferred in large industrial and commercial centres, though the exceptions always exist. On the different type of fuels being used in them, it could be either electricity, natural gas, biomass or any liquid fuels like furnace oils. They are mostly applied or chosen in some of the situations that necessitate to isolate the part of facility in a central heating system or heating a small unit space in an generally unheated area etc. The efficiency of the system is measured based on the intended use of the system and the expectation of a customer from using it. The illogically using a space heater would result in higher consumption of energy with very low levels of comfort to the occupants. But when done in the most appropriate application these devices can ensure the desired comfort levels and lesser energy costs. Comparison of different type of space heaters -Radiant and Convective The radiant heaters operate on the similar principles of any heat-radiating body. The simplest example is the sun where the sun rays emits large amount of radiation and tries to warms up any body, which receives the radiation. This type of equipments emits the radiation only in some specific direction and the bodies or objects placed in the direction of the emitted source would receive them and helps in the heat gain. The radiating heaters can be operated either on electricity or on any other type of fuel like propene, kerosene or natural gas (MGE, n. d. ). The heating elements in the radiating type heaters are also of different types. The important ones being quartz tubes, carbon tubes , halogen lamps or metal coils. In order to have a uniform spread of heat in different direction, rather than heating up in some specified direction, some of the radiant type heaters use reflectors. Thus these type of heaters are ideal for heating the specific objects than large volumes of spaces and hence is recommended in large open spaces with less openings or hindrances. The bodies that need to be heated must be located in the direction of emission of heat rays . These bodies absorb the temperature when the rays fall them and as the temperature of such bodies increases and they in turn transfer some of the heat to the neighbouring volume of air too. This helps in the complete rise in the temperature of air volume in its surrounding (MGE, n. d. ). It is also recommended to have some percentage of fresh air for mixing up with the inside air in order to avoid the build up of excessive accumulation of pollutants in the enclosed space. If the objective is to receive the heat only for a very short interval of time then the radiant heaters are the ideal choice. The radiant heaters don’t heat up the entire space uniformly and just transfers heat to the occupant and the immediate neighborhood and hence ensure higher efficiency for these type of purpose. The convection heaters operate based on the ability of the hot air to move across the entire space that required to be heated. It depends on the natural movement of the rising hot air. The equipments allow the cold air to move into its compartment and warms it up and then releases into the desired space that need to be at a higher temperature (MGE, n. d. ). Thus it tries to warms up the air directly and the objects would gain heat from the air that is at a higher temperature. Thus they are the most ideal for the small enclosed spaces or rooms that are well insulated and cut off from the surrounding. They are available in different type of designs like the electric heater based radiator and water or oil filled heaters. The water filled radiant heaters are among the high efficient devices in the class of convective heaters. The heating element placed in the bath of water is heated as the unit is turned on it will result in heating the surrounding air. The heated air is allowed to move through the room based on the principles of natural convection. These heaters require fresh supply of air to maintain consistency in its operation (MGE, n. d. ) References Andi, (15 February 2008) , Holmes Water filled heater wars my heart Retrieved from < http://www. propsandpans.com/2008/02/15/holmes-water-filled-heater-warms-my-heart/ > on 16 August 2010 Holmes (n. d. ) , Owners guide, Retreived from < http://www. holmesproducts. com /Manuals/MANUALS/HFH110-UM_43_77278402. PDF. on 16 August 2010 MGE (n. d. ), Business energy advisor, http://www. mge. com/business/saving/BEA/_escrc_0013000000DP22YAAT-2_BEA1_PA_PA_Heating_PA-59. html on 16 August 2010 Mclynne, J. A. (9 January 2008) Proccut review Holmes water filled whole room radiator model , HWH 2605 http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/520241/product_review_holmes_water_filled. html? cat=5 on 16 August 2010

Jack Wills

Q1. Identify the target market for the clothing retailer Jack Wills Jack wills is targeted at young people aged 18 and over, and most of them are university students. Julia Werdigier, August 20, 2012, article, Bottling the feeling of youth Q. 2. Discuss how their marketing strategy is aimed at their target market. Product: Jack Wills really focus on the design of clothing and season or style change. For example, male range includes jackets, hoodies, smart shirts, t-shirts, underwear and trousers and female range includes out-door wear, trousers, skirts, dresses, tops and various other accessories.Price: Prices run from about ? 30 for a basic t-shirt up to ? 400 for large jackets Promotion: promotion code in summer term for 15% to 20% off. Placement: choosing the marketing place where close to the university or college. Q3 Comment on their international store locations and discuss how it fits with their overall targeting and positioning strategy. As the Jack Wills pricing strategy mea ns the clothes may not be considered affordable to everyone, but Jack Wills' promote â€Å"University Outfitters† title to reflect its target market: university students.Q4. Comment on the marketing strategy being used in the U. S and Asian markets. Tentative solution: Jack wills open two stores in Hong Kong in 2011, which it hopes will serve as a â€Å"platform† for expansion into mainland China and Japan. Giving a definite targeting market: Jack Wills' first stores in the US opened in Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard and Boston in July 2010. Basically, these places selected in USA are Uni cities. Q5. Identify Jack Will’s key competitors Hollister, Abercrombie ; Fitch, Superdry, French Connection.

Communication is the Essence of Any Relationship Essay

Communication is the Essence of Any Relationship - Essay Example As the report declares the women in both the stories crave for love and attention; they crave for happiness. In Hills like White Elephants’ the couple is just starting out in life. The girl repeats that she would go in for the operation if that made him and them happy. She says, ‘and you think then we’ll be all right and be happy’. She again says, ‘and if I do it you’ll be happy and things will be like they were and you’ll love me?’ She wants to keep the child but he does not. She agrees to abort the child because she fears losing his love in case she does not. According to the report findings love is not possessiveness; love is to allow space with faith and confidence. In Hills like White Elephants he expresses possessiveness for her when he says, ‘I don’t want anybody but you’. He may be loving her but at the same time he is unable to understand that she wants to keep the child. He says, ‘I don’t want you to do it if you don’t want to. I’m perfectly willing to go through it if it means anything to you’. Such words make the reader feel that he has not been able to understand her feelings at all. He has been able to understand that it does mean a lot to her. She has been repeating that she would go in for it for the sake of happiness. So either he does not understand or chooses to ignore because he wants her exclusively. This amounts to selfishness and possessiveness. Is it merely lack of communication or is it lack of love? Love is neither selfish nor possessive. Love knows to give and not to take.

Paula Rego Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paula Rego - Essay Example At this stage, the drawing is linear and stark. The quality of the line is determined by the length of time it stays in the acid, the longer in the acid, the darker the line becomes. This whole process is described by professor Paul Coldwell. Drawing is central to the painter's work, being the way in which her works are born. The Portuguese painter found her source of inspiration in fairy tales like Fantasia, Snow White and Pinocchio. And she made her pictures resemble the children's drawings. But as compared to the representation of beautiful figures, illustrating the good characters of the fairy tale, Paula Rego's characters are far from being described by the adjective "beautiful" in the sense we understand the meaning of the word "beauty". Taking as example the painting entitled "Swallows the poisoned apple" we notice how different the Snow White we are shown here is from the image of the young and delicate charater of Grimm's fairy tale. It's definitely not a beautiful young girl what we see. On the contrary, the female character in the painting looks old and ugly. She doesn't appear as it would in a common drawing, lying artistically on the floor, but she is half on the floor, half on the sofa, in a position that conveys pain realistically. Although dressed like a princess, the background against which she is painted is a modern decorated room and not the fairy tale dwarves' house. There is a combination of myth and reality in this painting that makes us think of the combination myth-reality we find in our own lives. We thus, could see these paintings as symbolical representation of our own lives.Represented in another painting, with a stag's head on her lap, Snow White doesn't look more beautiful than in the other painting described. The painting is called suggestively "Snow white playing with her father's trophies." Seated in an armchair, she has an indelicate and unaesthetic position, with her legs spread. Just like in the previously analyzed painting, Snow White looks older than she is supposed to be and her appearance is not as delicate as we are used to imagine it. There is no trace of happiness or at least serenity to be noticed on the face of the two Snow White figures. If in the previous painting, pain would appear as understandable, the character being shown in a critical situation, in the second the grief is not so explicable. Although traditional by subject, the fairy tales inspired drawings cannot be considered traditional. The way of treating them is startling and this makes their contemplation the source of mixed and confusing feelings. This kind of illustrating fairy tale images can be viewed as a sort of debunk. Myth is given certain realistic features and at the same time, re ality is transformed. Nursery Rhymes (from 1989) show a girl - although we could not really use the word girl for her as she looks aged and three strangely big and frightening mice. The painting looks at the same time funny and horrible. The exaggerated size of the mice as well as the way they look is scaring. Yet, there is something amusing in their behaviour, as they look like whimsical children. We notice a synthesis of opposites that the painter achieves in her paintings, be that a synthesis between comic and scaring, young and old, myth-reality or beautiful and ugly. As frightening or at least confusing

Factors influencing consumers buying behaviour of Thai people in Essay - 2

Factors influencing consumers buying behaviour of Thai people in choosing luxury brands - Essay Example This paper presents the strategy to be used during the research. This paper will begin with the positivism and interpretivism. Positivism is a scientific approach whose methods are organized and measurable basing on the behaviors of the communities.   The positivism principles rely on quantifiable facts that help the researcher make a statistical analysis. Since the researcher seeks to identify human experience on luxury products, positivism design will help the researcher find their consumption patterns and their interests. Since this research aims at determining purchasing patterns of luxury products among the women, social status is a paramount consideration for the consumption of luxury products. Therefore, this approach is essential for this study. On the other hand, interpretive approach inclines towards the qualitative collection of data. Whereas positivism design seeks to identify the causes of buying behavior patterns, the interpretivist methodology is more qualitative and seeks for commonness in consumption patterns. For the purpose of this study, the research inclines mainly to quantitative and not qualitative data collection. The researcher will base researcher understanding on â€Å"positive† verification of visible experience as opposed to intuition or introspection. This makes this approach applicable to the study. There are two main methods that researcher often uses to collect the data which are a quantitative and qualitative method.

Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Human Resources - Essay Example Differences between Personnel management and HRM Personnel management is essentially an administrative record keeping function at the operational level. Personnel management attempts to sustain fair terms and conditions of employment while simultaneously, efficiently managing personnel activities. HRM, on the other hand, is concerned with the development and implementation of people strategies that are integrated with corporate strategies and guarantee that the culture, structure, and values of the organization, as well as the quality, motivation and commitment of the employees contribute fully to the attainment of the organization’s goals (Armstrong 2006, p.5). HRM is concerned with undertaking of analogous functional activities conventionally undertaken by the personnel function such as job analysis, employee relations, planning, and compensation management; however, the HRM approach undertakes these functions in qualitatively distinct way relative to personnel management (D uberley and Walle1995, p.891). Personnel management is essentially workforce centered, directed largely at the organization’s employees. ... HRM, on the other hand, is strategic in nature concerned with directly aiding organizations to gain sustained competitive advantage (Guest, Michie, Conway, and Sheehan 2003, p.291). HRM is mainly more proactive than personnel management, whereas personnel management is concerned with the maintenance of personnel and administrative systems. Personnel management is largely applied in the public sector, tertiary education, and local government despite the complexity associated with public sector including a mix of politics, service delivery, and management. In the private sector, HRM can be used to manage the human side in corporate and large organizations, banks, small and medium –sized enterprise, consultancies, and trade unions. High performance working environment is linked to attainment of high levels of performance, profitability, and customer satisfaction (Armstrong 2006, p.6). Firms such as Tesco and British Airways have demonstrated the significant role played by HRM in the attainment of management objectives mirrored in the transformation of the personnel management function. (P2) The function of HRM centres on planning, developing, and administering policies and programs designed to render the expeditious utilization of organization’s human resources. HRM is concerned with the process of hiring and developing employees with the aim of transforming the employees into valuable resources for the organization (Sims 2002, p.3). The human resources function is mainly responsible for managing workforce as primary resources that play a critical part in the firm’s success. HRM largely functions as a value adding a component in the organization based on the strategic utilization of

The Life of William the Conqueror Research Paper

The Life of William the Conqueror - Research Paper Example Ever since he was crowned as the King of England on the Christmas day in 1066, William displayed a tremendous amount of valor, energy, determination, and ruthlessness in achieving his goals. Even though William was quite cruel and ruthless towards his enemies and people who disobeyed his laws, England owes much to his administrative and legislative reforms. It was William the Conqueror who â€Å"instituted his strategy for medieval warfare of building castles and went on to build many castles in England including his most famous, the Tower of London† (Biography of William the Conqueror). Similarly, the Doomsday Book is very often regarded as another remarkable legacy of William the Conqueror as the book offers a clear-cut insight into the medieval life, customs, and manners. The life of William the Conqueror is worth analyzing when one deals with the early history of England. William was reported to have born as the illegitimate son of Duke Robert 1 of Normandy in either late 1027 or early 1028. In 1034, Duke Robert decided to go on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and he entrusted William into the care of his uncle Robert, archbishop of Rouen and his nobles and nominated him as the next Duke of Normandy (William 17). Subsequently, William became the Duke of Normandy in 1035 after his father’s death when he was only seven years old. It was in the year 1051 that Edward the Confessor pledged William that he would be made his successor to the throne of England and in the next year William married Matilda of Flanders. In 1065, William was successful in gaining Harold Godwinson’s pledge of allegiance whereby Harold would assist him to assume the throne of England. However, things turned upside down after Edward the Confessor’s death when Harold tried to gain the throne of England in 1066. This paved the way for the historical battle at Hastings. In 1066 William the conqueror obtained â€Å"support from the Pope for his invasion of England and t he right to the English throne,† defeated Harold’s men at the battle of Hastings, suppressed all other rebellions within the nation, and on 25th December he was crowned as the King of England (Biography of William the Conqueror). From 1067 onwards William the Conqueror started constructing castles in various parts of the nation which included the well-known Exeter Castle and the Tower of London. Even though he and the Normans faced strong rebellion at Exeter from Harold's mother Gytha in February 1067, Hereward the Wake and Harold's brother, the Earl Morcar at Peterborough in 1070, William could easily defeat the rebels. On May 11, 1068, William crowned his wife Matilda as the Queen of England. The Doomsday Book was published in 1086 and on September 9, 1087, the great conqueror met with death. One can never undermine the administrative as well as legislative reforms introduced by William the Conqueror in England. In fact, the arrival of the Normans and the reign of Wil liam brought about radical changes to the course of English history as well. However, William never tried to replace the existing Anglo-Saxon laws with the Norman practices. On the other hand, he effectively blended the Norman laws with the Anglo-Saxon law and native customs.

Integration question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Integration question - Assignment Example While the basic fundamentals of marketing relating to the process of value creation, value communication, value distribution and value capture essentially remains the same, it can be increasingly said that the application of the processes has changed a lot. Various forms of marketing have emerged with the evolution of technology sponsored platforms, which enhances and multiplies the power of marketing. The secret to marketing still surround the process of retaining existing customers, while going for acquisition of new customers by creating as well as enhancing the demand for products and services, while making the consumers and clients of their enhanced and ever evolving needs. The process of introduction of the US Consumer Bill Of Rights in the year 1963 enhanced the power of consumers by providing the right to information, safety, and choice as well as consumer voice. This led to the emergence of a consumption pattern, where consumers more increasingly focused on the process of ac quisition of materialistic goods. This significantly led to the development of a hyper consuming consumer behavior which contributed towards the development of a significant level of disconnectedness amongst the individuals. This significantly contributed to the development of a consumer attitude which is increasingly looking for more substance and more meaning to their demands. (Euro RSCG Worldwide, 2010b) Lazer in his paper in the year 1969 increasingly highlighted the fact that the marketers were more involved and more interested with the societal and lifestyle trends of the American hyper consuming consumers and this had led to the high level focus on the marketing for the purpose of influencing the consumer behavior with regards to particular products and services. Lazer also increasingly highlighted that the culture of hyper consumption that was existent in the developed countries like America was supposed to spread to other developing and emerging economies and countries, irr espective of the differences existing in terms of culture (Lazer, 1969, p.5). However, in the recent times, there have been massive changes with regards to the macro factors affecting the globe. The world economy has seen a tremendous amount of turmoil, owing to the bust of the housing bubble in the United States in the year 2008, and the simultaneous collapse of Lehmann Brothers, which pushed the world in the brink of an economic catastrophe. As a direct effect of the slowdown around the globe, which was planted by the financial crisis in the US, it can be increasingly said that the organizations around the world embraced the process of downsizing of staff in an attempt to cut down on organizational spending and attempting to sport a more leaner look. As a result of massive job cuts in the advanced Western economies, the consumers in the developed countries experienced a change in consumer behavior. The consumers of advanced countries, owing to the financial crisis, responded in a very significant manner for the purpose of overcoming the financial credit crunch around the world. They became more and more aware of their basic needs and wants, while attempting to curtail

Poverty in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Poverty in America - Essay Example In addition to the system, racial discrimination has always played a major role in determining individuals allowed to hold a certain value of property. This has affected the economic state of certain races, as they are unable to have equal opportunities as other fellow citizens. However, it is worth mentioning that this has recently taken a different shift, as all races are now being embraced by the state. The ethical issue involved is that the system favors the economically strong personalities in the US community, yet the country strives for evenness among citizens (Davis, 1991). It is extremely unethical for the system to support the wealthy, yet the ones (poor) who need the support most are denied. If such a situation continues, the country would face serious consequences. The country may end up being divided into two, the poor and the wealthy (Gordon, 1965). This may eventually cause unrests and maybe war in the quest to achieve fairness. The most workable solution to the situation faced by the US is by adopting a different type of economical and social system (Iceland, 2006). The country should adopt a system that would treat both the poor and wealthy as equal. Moral principles encourage the treatment of every individual as equal. However, this is the opposite in the economic system adopted by the US (Iceland, 2012). The country’s economic system tends to lean in favor of the rich thus making the poorer and thus an unequal member of the society. 1. The existence of poverty in the US clearly depicts how the country’s socioeconomic system is unjust. The capitalistic system has made the richer acquire more wealth and left the poor languish more in a dire situation (Kowalski, 2003). Moreover, the unjust social situation of discriminating races has also tremendously contributed to the poverty situation experienced in the US. 2. It is undoubtedly evident that various reasons contribute to the poor economic state of some citizens in the United States.

Argumentative essay Essay Example for Free

Argumentative essay Essay The notion of marriage as an institution which necessarily preserves the vital social values of stability, continuity and propriety, only at the cost of brutally suppressing equally powerful individual needs, naturally comes under scrutiny. During the XX century, there have been heated discussions concerning romantic love and its impact on long-lasting relations. Some people suppose that pre-arranged marriage ensures long-lasting relations based on trust and financial gain, but it is also profoundly dangerous precisely because it can release and feed as many urges as it satisfies. They state that romantic love is not a good basis for marriage. Thesis Romantic love is a good basis for marriage because it ensures warm and friendly relations between spouses; it has a positive impact on human relations and their development, and ensures loving and friendly relations with children as â€Å"product† of love. Help with Argumentative Essay. â€Å"Romantic love is not a good basis for marriage† Help with Argumentative essay. â€Å"Romantic love is not a good basis for marriage† Warm and friendly relations between spouses are the core of successful marriage and trust. When people meet an â€Å"ideal person† their mind has perceived that the situation calls for some emotional reaction. From the psychological point of view love is caused by the feeling of personal freedom and self-realization. Sexual attractiveness is closely connected with an ideal image created by a person, while the desire to have children reflects sexual affection. It is possible to say that fools fall in love because they need sexual satisfaction with an ideal person to give birth to their offspring. Marriage â€Å"is about staying in love and staying together for a lifetime despite the fact that both partners are individuals who change over time† (Marriage is Forever, 2006). The common ground between the sexes, therefore, is getting smaller, and the institution of marriage is beginning to fall to pieces if people do not understand and value each other. A woman when she marries ‘is cut off from men’s society in all but the most formal and intermittent ways. For this reason, love and friendly relations are crucial for successful marriage and happiness. Romantic love has a positive impact on human relations and their further development when love disappears. It is not a secret that many couples. Some researchers underline that love therapy is a useful tool to create or restore positive relations and family happiness. Jennifer Chalmers comments that â€Å"The topic of creating and sustaining the feeling of love was  never discussed in any of the marriage-related workshops that I attended, but the issues [discussed] were not intended to help couples create the feeling of love† (Chalmers, 2006). The author gives special detailed attention to the difficulty which can follow elderly couples, but she underlines that love can be recreated in order to save marriage. In this case, love comes from overcoming the barrier by sharing feelings and comforts. Also, when love disappears, people still bond to each other leaving no space for anger and despair (Wilding, 2003). Divorce is the institution, the ‘custom’, which enables private life to adjust to the pressures of the market, and divorce is the ideal solution for pre-arranged couples without love (Knapp, Stearns, 1993). On the hand, there is little research which could help to indicate that love actually produce real, live marriages among the poor. Romantic love is the main power which forces people to have a family and give birth. To give birth and to become a parent is a natural wish of nearly every person. For this reason, a male or female chooses a healthy and strong, beautiful and successful person for reproduc ­tion. It is an instruct feeling to choose a partner, but it causes falling in love. Every person wants to have good children, and for this reason he/she chooses a â€Å"special† person. Bonding comes with the shared activity afterward, in which people learn about each other through co-operation. Trust emerges not just with sex, but also with shared activity through which people bond by learning to trust each other. Romantic love is a good basis for marriage because it supports an instinct or desire to give birth. It is based on the evolutionary success of pair bonding as a reproduc ­tive strategy. This cause is closely connected with sexual attractiveness, but it has different stimuli (Sternberg, Barnes, 1989). Love as care does not refer to an emotion or a state of mind so much as to a human faculty of identification with others, sympathy with all beings. Also, love is a basis for intimate relations and sexuality. Following O’Sullivan love â€Å"enhances our well-being, improves the quality of our lives, and helps us to prevail over difficult times. Those living without intimate relationships are at risk† (O’Sullivan, 2004, p. 71). In addition, for most couples, sympathetic and compassionate relations help to overcome life grievances and troubles they face. The most appealing feature of romantic love is firm personal standards applied to everything around people. Love is  eternal value which can lead to sufferings, but it does not influence the essence of human existence.

Defining And Analysing Emotional Labor Philosophy Essay

Defining And Analysing Emotional Labor Philosophy Essay Emotional labor is the control of a persons behavior to display the appropriate emotions. This means that if a person wants to conform to social norms it will have to show certain emotions. The concept of emotional labor affects every aspect of life. This paper will examine emotional labor in service industries. Definition Arlie Hochschild defined for the first time the term of emotional labor as the work done with feelings as paid employment. Hochschild pointed out that people control their emotions at work and in the private life. Whenever someone changes something in order to conform to an ideal, something that every human being does, it is emotional labor. Another definition comes from Chu and it says that emotional labor is the control of a persons behavior to display the appropriate emotions. For example, if you are a customer service representative, the 80th person asking the same question must be answered as thoroughly as you served the first person. Otherwise, you are not doing your job of providing customer service because that 80th person has no idea that youve answered the same question 50 times. They just need an answer. The jobs requiring emotional labor are either face-to-face or have voice contact. It has been proved that people can feel if the person at the other end of the line is smiling. Attitudes and behaviors at work An individuals belief about job, working place or working team is shaped by emotions. Emotions affect behaviors at work. Research shows that individuals that are within your inner circle are better able to recognize and understand your emotions. The connection between emotions and emotional labor can be explained by the Affective Events Theory. Howard Weiss and Russell Cropanzano are the researchers that have studied the effect of six major emotions categories in the workplace. These are anger, fear, joy, love, sadness and surprise. Their theory states that specific events that take place in the workplace cause people to feel different emotions. These emotions can be good for the job, for instance by inspiring actions that can benefit others, but it could also be bad, by inspiring actions that could impede others. For example, imagine that a coworker unexpectedly delivers your coffee at work. As a result you may feel happy and surprised. If that coworker is your boss you would probably feel proud. Studies have found that positive emotions at the workplace may inspire you to do things that you hadnt planned to do before. Such things could be volunteering to help a colleague with a project. On the other side if you were unfairly treated by your boss you could experience negative emotions that could make you withdraw from work or act mean towards a colleague. Over time, these tiny moments of emotion on the job can influence a persons job satisfaction. Hochschilds types of emotional acting There are three types of emotional acting: surface acting, deep acting and genuine acting. Surface acting is expressing an emotion without actually feeling that emotion. This is the most concerned type of emotional acting in the workplace because it has the most side effects. Surface acting most often involves putting all the negative emotions, such as anger, annoyance, sadness, etc. behind and substitute them with positive emotions, such as happiness, excitement, care, etc. because the customers expect it. For example the hairdresser of a crying child cutting its hair off may smile and act sympathetic without actually feeling so. Deep acting takes surface acting one step forward. This time, instead of faking an emotion because someone expects it, an employee will try to experience the emotions they are displaying. In the case of the hairdresser cutting the hair off a crying child, the hairdresser may empathize with the child by thinking what its like to be in the childs shoes. In this case the hairdresser might understand that the child is scared being in an unfamiliar environment and the hairdresser may genuinely feel sad for the child. Genuine acting happens when individuals are asked to display emotions that are aligned with their own. If a job requires genuine acting less emotional labor is required because the actions represent the individuals true feelings. In conclusion, when it comes to acting the genuine your actions are the less emotional labor a job requires and the more your actions in the surface acting part are the more emotional labor a job requires. The feeling rules In order to understand emotional labor we have to see what determines the correct emotional response to a situation. In Hochschilds book is being described a set of feeling rules, which Ashfort and Humphrey also called the display rules, rules that people use in order to identify what is the appropriate behavior. These feeling rules describe what the correct response for a work situation is and they can either be part of the job training or just manners. Most big companies usually have a set of policies that teach the employees how to conduct with customers. This case is about the written feeling rules. A good example for written feeling rules is McDonalds that encourages sincerity and enthusiasm but also a sense of humor in their service personnel. But most of the feeling rules are unwritten as in the case of manners. The feeling rules are also connected with the cultural background. For example if two managers from different cultures meet they both act correctly for their cultures point of view but they could very easily offend the other one accidentally. In the Australian work place people would generally be polite and show respect regardless of how the interlocutor reacts. The most evident moment when emotional labor occurs is when something goes wrong and the customers are unhappy and dissatisfied for a number of reasons. In most situations the employee should remain calm and polite even if the customer irritates or upsets the employee, as the case of most situations. This is the form of self control and the feeling rules are very important in these situations because the employees know they must be polite. Ashforth and Humphrey define ten dimension that include trustworthiness, courtesy, approachability and understanding, a set of feeling rules by which employees operate, whilst the customers expect good service. The expectation of each dimension changes with the customers moods. But it is also possible that the customer has expectations that are unreal and cannot be satisfied. In this situation even if the employee works according to the feeling rules, the customer would not be satisfied. Some service industries such as flight attendants, medical professionals or call center operators are the subject of higher expectations. These service industries are the ones that spend a lot of time interacting with people. This interaction includes the customers expectation to good service. For example good service from a flight attendant includes politeness, a caring attitude and happiness. The feeling rules would have to change according to the age of the passengers. For instance, a flight attendant will have to behave differently to a child, a teenager, their grandparents, etc. People decide according to the feeling rules how to correct emotional response to a situation. But if something goes wrong in this system there are harmful consequences for the individual. The aims of emotional labor The main aim of emotional labor is a positive affective display in service interactions, such as smiling, politeness, friendliness, which are positively associated with important customer outcomes, such as intention to return, intention to recommend a store to others and the image of overall service quality. Dealing with emotional labor All service industries are connected to interaction with customers. These jobs require the employee to be nice and polite to the customer no matter how the customer treats him. This may lead in time to negative effects. Sandi Mann discusses in his book that having to manage your emotions in such way may lead to work stress. This stress may cause hypertension, heart diseases, even exacerbate cancer. This is because people usually tend to surface act. Surface acting can cause detachment from own emotions and individuals may suffer, as a result, burnout that may lead to dissatisfaction with the quality of work completed and doubt the effectiveness, this leading the sufferer to leave the job. So imagine the case of a stewardess. If care and friendliness is completely lost due to emotional stress, burnout or so on, the key element of the job will be gone and the customers expectations will not be met. As consequence, customers will not come back and they will probably not recommend the airline anymore. These serious side effects are most concern of human resource management. Human resources can prevent this emotional cycle by using different methods in different situations. There is necessary to develop strategies in order to avoid problems with the employees. There are two types of strategies: organizational and individual strategies. Organizational strategies Some of the strategies that the management can use within a whole organization in order to reduce stress and therefore to avoid surface acting are as follows. First of all, the management can organize meetings with the employees to discuss the extent of stress and to find out if stress is widely spread in their company. Additionally, by debriefing the employees a company can prove for stress-causing factors and so, conduct a survey and inspect the workplace for stress causing factors. Another important aspect is to improve communication by hiring trained professionals or supervisors for the employees to talk to when they experience negative events so that they can receive advice to identify surface acting and receive good feeling rules by which to operate. Also in order to help the employees a company can use hotlines where the employees can call if they have problems. A company can also improve job and organizational design in order to prevent stress-causing factors. For instance, a company can offer babysitters, cooking courses so that all the employees could come together and have some fun. Individual strategies There are also strategies for individuals, especially because employees tend to stress themselves out. To avoid this, they can do some physical exercises, in order to be active and to reduce stress symptoms. Also, hobbies are very good to find relaxation and amusement. Additionally meditation is a good tool to gain inner peace and harmony, two basic elements for protection against stress. To conclude, an assertiveness training gives the employee the chance to develop self-confidence and self-awareness so that the employees are able to establish themselves and to become accepted in the working group. In order to apply everything stated in this paper we decided to take the example of emotional labor and Santa Clause. Christmas exemplifies consumerism in western society and it is a period of traditional ritual activities. All over the world Christmas themed services tend to encourage fantasy that lead to enjoyment of the customer. The center of the store has the purpose to enhance the buying experience and increase the probability of purchase. The provision of a warm, emotional delivery by an employee, as observed by Sutton and Rafaeli, promotes sales when customers expect to receive such individual friendliness. Therefore in order for the customers to feel good, the presence of Santa Clause in the store becomes a seasonal public relations addition for the image of a shopping center. Santa is a specialist public relations agent whose image relates to good looks, good sounds and good character. For children and adults, a visit to Santa is part of the Christmas ritual. A Santa interacts with individuals and in his work he has to deliver a personal performance of generosity and happiness. In order to be a Santa Clause people usually have to attend a Santa School. In this school the actors will learn some rules about how to be a Santa. One of the most important rules a Santa has to know is that he is not allowed to talk about politics, religion and life. In the Santa School the personality, experience and values of the actor are being mediated. This is because a Santa usually gets visited by all sorts of persons. Each visit is unique and the Santa needs to know how to handle it. He also requires independence of thought and action in order to be able to address to all possible variations of topics and ages of the visitors. In addition, a Santa also learns that he is not allowed to make promises and must know the attributes of all current popular toys so that he can look authentic. When Santa actors are comfortable with their roles, the case of volunteering being a Santa, it takes very little effort to shape feelings as they are similar with their own feeling. But nowadays there are a lot of people that must do this job in order to get paid. So the people that havent asked to do this job. And to those people the emotional labor required is huge. They always have to put a smiley face and be nice, because most of the visitors are children and they can get hurt very fast. So applying a part of the things that weve pointed out in our paper would probably motivate the Santa employee and makes this job easier. Conclusion Emotional labor is the control of ones behavior to display appropriate emotions. Feeling rules help to execute it. Surface acting happens when an individual has to fake emotions leading to health issues, such as frustration, burn-out, depression or emotional exhaustion. Deep acting happens when an individual actually feels that emotion. Human Resources Management can prevent these problems by using different strategies such as employing trained professionals or supervisors. It must be pointed out that Human Resource Management has to make emotional labor to a source of job satisfaction and to enable the employees to act deeper. All in all we believe that everyone in the sphere of action should deeply think about their own behavior and reactions in order develop self-awareness, and further to develop social awareness, so that individuals can become aware of others needs and wants. To sum it up it is a big problem for the management to deal with emotional labor because for one working in a company and doing the same thing every day it will end up feeling like a routine that leads to surface acting.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt FDR :: Biography Biographies Bio

Franklin Delano Roosevelt In March 1933 Franklin Delano Roosevelt became the 32nd president of the United States. During his presidency he was the only president in America's history to hold office for four terms. He led America during the Great Depression and World War II. Franklin Roosevelt was head of the powerful Democratic Party which controlled American politics for thirty years. Roosevelt was a controversial leader in his time, some people admired him and others despised him, but today he is considered to be one of the greatest American presidents. Franklin Roosevelt was born on January 30, 1882 in Hyde Park, New York. Franklin's father, James Roosevelt, married Sara Delano (Franklin's mother) in 1880 several years after his first wife had died. Sara had been only 26 at the time of the marriage while James had been 52. They had a happy marriage until James died in 1900. Franklin was treated as an only child when he was born because his half brother was an adult by then. His parents sheltered and spoiled young Franklin. His parents kept him in dresses and long curls until he was five years old. During the summers Franklin went with his parents to Europe, the seaside of New England, or to the Campobello Island off the Coast of New Brunswick. Since he spent many summers by the sea Franklin Roosevelt developed an interest in sailing. Franklin Roosevelt was home schooled by governesses and tutors until he was fourteen years old. He then attended Groton School in Massachusetts between 1896 and 1900. Franklin's academic record was average and he did not excel at sports either. Some of his class mates called him the "feather duster" because he seemed priggish but that was mostly due to the sheltered life he had led. Franklin then went on to attend Harvard until 1904. His academic record was again average but he finished his B.A. in three years. During his fourth year at Harvard he was editor of the college newspaper, Crimson. Franklin was never very motivated about school. Franklin soon became engaged to Eleanor Roosevelt, a fifth cousin who was once removed. They married on March 17, 1905 despite Sara Delano's objections. They had five children, one girl and four boys. All four of the boys would later serve as officers in World War II. They were all also decorated for bravery. Eleanor Roosevelt discovered in 1918 that Franklin was having an affair with her social secretary, Lucy Mercer.

Satanism and Corrupt Christianity :: essays research papers

Spiritual Alchemy & The Bible True Satanism is based upon the ancient religions that predated Judaism, Christianity, and Islam by hundreds to thousands of years. The traditional colors of black and red used in Satanism, date all the way back to Ancient Egypt and are symbolic of spiritual transformation. The ancient religions were based upon completing our Creator Satan's work: that of transforming the human soul into that of a god and achieving god-like power and immortality. Satan's Kingdom was stolen from him. The Judeo/Christian Bible is a corruption of stolen material that has been used to spiritually enslave humanity. All of the legends of the Gods are allegories. The Vatican and its cohorts have gained wealth, power, and control by forcing people to believe these allegories are literal places and characters. The completion of the work, what is known in alchemy as the "Magnum Opus" has its foundation in the kundalini. The kundalini serpent lies coiled at the base of the spine. Through meditation, the fiery serpent ascends. This is what is known as "Raising the Devil." There are 33 vertebrae in the in the human spinal column. We often hear the term "33rd degree Mason" or that the fictitious nazarene lived 33 years. The kundalini serpent ascends the 33 vertebrae of the spine. The seven chakras are also very important in the work. When the kundalini ascends, it must pierce through each of the seven chakras. This is why there is so much emphasis on the number seven in many ancient spiritual texts and also what has been corrupted in the Judeo/Christian Bible. Christian leaders mislead their followers through deceiving them into believing the stolen legends in the bible are real. Through this deception, the Vatican and Christian churches have obtained unbelievable wealth and power. This power is not only in the material world, but in the spiritual as well. All spiritual knowledge was systematically removed with the Inquisition. Those at the top are adept at black magick and have advanced to spiritual power, while the rest of humanity suffers under their control. Many ancient paintings we are told are of the nazarene, "virgin mary" and related are really of the Original Gods, such as Marduk (Amon Ra) and Astaroth. The Magnum Opus begins ideally in the spring when the Sun is in Aries, thus the man standing with the lamb. The halo is the ascended kundalini and the vibrant aura of witchpower.

What Time is It? :: Essays Papers

What Time is It? Before meeting with my friend Leticia from Honduras, Central America, I would ask her if she was arriving according to North American time or Latin American time. Smiling, she would answer, "A la hora Latina, of course." This meant that she would be late. The concept of time is very different for Latin Americans than for North Americans. Life in the United States is fast-paced. There are fast food restaurants, overnight delivery services, shuttle services, instant cash machines, fast weight loss plans, and even instant minute rice. Avidly following such sayings as, "The early bird gets the worm," and, "First come, first served," North Americans even have their meals in an efficient manner. Microwaves help nuke their early breakfasts, noon lunches, and five-o'clock dinners. "Time is money" for big businesses. Everyone follows set agendas. Minutes are taken at meetings that are precisely scheduled. North Americans take pride in juggling busy work schedules and still finding time to spend with family and friends. Latin Americans stroll leisurely through life. They amble past open-air restaurants, across shaded patios tucked behind walls of Bougainvillea. In the cafes, the service is slow but courteous. Outside on the streets, people walk by, not for weight purposes, but to get somewhere. Buses arrive and depart on their own schedule, sometimes sooner or later than their printed times. And if you miss the bus, wait. One will come along eventually. Mid-morning breakfasts are homemade. Lunch is around three in the afternoon and dinner could be anytime after the arranged time. No one follows a set agenda, but business is accomplished at a gradual and comfortable pace. Watches are not followed precisely, and one barely ever hears the question, "What time is it?" This cultural difference has proven to be a problem for many North Americans visiting Latin American countries and vice versa. For example, this problem has escalated on the issue of adoption. While in Honduras the summer of 1989, I translated for couples from the United States who were looking for children to adopt from Central America. All legal procedures were transacted between a lawyer from the U.S. and a Honduran lawyer. Legal matters on the North American end were handled almost immediately. The Honduran lawyer, however, was considerably slower with field work and paper work and was unable to give definite dates or times for the completion of the adoption. This created a cultural barrier and added to the confusion of the situation.

Employee Involvement Case Essay

For the case 1 â€Å"the sugar substitute research decision†, I will choose high involvement, which is let the subordinates to discuss the problems and identify a solution. So the entire decision-making process is handed over to employees, identify the problems, choose the best alternative and implement their choice. For the second case â€Å"coast guard cutter decision problem†, I will choose the low involvement, which is ask one or more subordinates foe information relating to the problem, but you don’t ask for their recommendations and might not mention the problem to them. So they don’t make recommendations and only participation involves is asking employees for information. Discussion Question 2 The first factor led me to choose high involvement is the decision structure; this problem is not programmed decision but a little bit complexity and more opportunity. This product need to take some source away from other projects in order to required some time and resources before it would be commercially stage. Second, source of decision knowledge could show that the leader lack sufficient knowledge and subordinates have addition information to improve decision quality. I don’t know much about demand is expected and the sugar substitute project beyond my technical expertise. However, the R&D lab researchers are familiar with that field of chemistry. Third, the decision commitment is trended to improve if high level of involvement to her decision. If the employees are unlikely to accept a decision made without their involvement, some level of involvement should be used. For this case, the company R&D budget is limited and other scientist in my group has recently complained th at they require more resources and financial support to get their projects completed. So the employees’ complaints make me chose high involvement. Also, the employees ‘committed make me believe that they have promise to ensure the company’s interest are achieved so that I should give them more involvement to ensure the project could be finished without conflict. For the second case, the first factor led me to choose low involvement is that this is likely programmd decisions which are follow  standard operating procedures and they have been resolved in past. So there is little needs for high involvement that may waste of time under this necessary and risk situation. Second, the leader has much knowledge to solve this problem which may occur in the past, and as the captain, I totally understand the mission and the goal for the mission. So that may need less recommendation from other employees who lack of experiences and abilities. However, the low involvement not no involvement, so I received an update weather advisory concerning the severity and duration of the storm, which is important to making decision. Moreover, the decision must be made shortly by facing a lot of risks. So if take long time to make high involvement may lead to unnecessary dangers. Third, the factor of risk of conflict is depend on the situation between the employee goals and norms conflict with the organization’s goals, and this would be take low involvement. Also, if there is low conflict that the employees will reach agreement on the preferred solution, then take low involvement. For this case, my crew members are extremely conscientious about their responsibility, so I don’t need to take additional time to take high involvement under this low conflict with the preferred solutions. Discussion Question 3 To the first case, if take low involvement may take longer time to solve this problem due to the fact that the leader has less knowledge about this technology of projects. Less involvement will not help to improve the number and quality of solutions generated. This case is complex so that need to prepare several alternatives with more available information which the employees who has more knowledge are good to support. Also, with the diverse perspectives and boarder representation of value may help to improve the likelihood of choosing the best alter nativities. Besides, these projects are group work in this organization, providing more involvement is good to make staff fell personally responsible for its success. However, the low involvement may lead to lower turnover, motivation and satisfaction. Moreover, if the leader uses low involvement, there is many more compliant and most likely to resist changes resulting from the decision by leader alone. To the second case, the higher involvement was taken, the higher risk could occur during the decision making. The reason is that the research has  been doing for 20 hours and the weather are more likely to affect the lives in the vessel. So taking time longer to do involvement are defiantly dangers. Also, the captain must be the one who has valuable experiences and ability to make the most perfect decision. So taking long time to doing high involvement could make the whole team lost of control. After all, everybody has different attitude and value that may have conflicts with the mission and the whole organization when they face the risk situation. Furthermore, too low involvement or no involvement may also make wrong decision, so the necessary information from weather advisory concerning are useful for helping the captain decrease the mistake when making the decision in the short time.

Fast Food Nation Essay

The idea of â€Å"fast food† has been around since before the 1920s. However, the real emergence of the industry was not until the late 1940s following the Second World War. Military based towns were desolate during the war. Once the war was over, there were many more mouths to feed and more places to put restaurant franchises. This coupled with the passing of Eisenhower’s Interstate Highway Act and the sheer drive of fast food pioneers allowed franchising to be very successful. People were able to take their new cars on the highway and take convenient off-ramps to â€Å"speedee service† restaurants (Schlosser, 20). Ray Kroc, founder of the McDonald’s corporation, has created a revolutionary franchise that has become a household name all over the world. There are many theories on how this and other fast food corporations reached such success. One of the major reasons is the strategic segmentation of the human race; groups of people have been targeted as prime consumers of fast food. To consume, by definition, is to purchase goods for one’s own desires. The fast food industry has become just that, a desire to people of all statuses in society. In Eric Schlosser’s Fast Food Nation, the impact that the fast food industry has on children, parents and the foreign population as consumers is arguably detrimental in its use for economic success. The fast food industry targets many demographic groups in our society. Children are subjected to the billion dollar advertising campaigns that fast food restaurants create. Kids are enticed to purchase fast food before they can even earn money. This is where the industry makes their killing; by advertising to young children, parents are pressured to buy goods from the fast food restaurants. It’s not just getting kids to whine. It’s about giving them a specific reason to ask for the product† (Schlosser, 43). Although it is not the children specifically giving the cashier money for products, they have the tremendous power of leverage with their parents. Starting with a broad look: the restaurants themselves often times have a play area for children, McDonald’s being most notable for this. They create characters, such as Ronald McDonald and friends, to make kids feel like they are in a fun house or that the restaurant truly cares about each child. Taco bell’s chihuahua was a â€Å"cute† puppy for kids to love as well (Schlosser, 43). Kid’s meals in most fast food places are served with toys to play with. Fast food corporations began the process of synergy; they were signing with other major businesses to put popular toys in their meals. For example, Wendy’s signed with NCAA for action figures, McDonald’s signed with Ty for Beanie Babies and Pokemon cards (Schlosser, 47). When children found competition with other children to â€Å"get the next toy first,† there was a reason to come back to that restaurant. Even the color scheme on the packaging the meals come in is bright and exciting. Why would any child say no? The parents of these children and teens are also affected by the fast food industry. As previously mentioned, children pressure their parents to buy goods from fast food chains. Parents consume these goods for themselves but also represent their children, which makes up an entirely different consumer group. Fast food caters to those parents who are short on time, money or both. Parents who work long or unusual hours can count on a nearby fast food restaurant being open at all hours. Even when families are constantly on the move, a drive-thru is a quick and easier way to eat than making a meal at home or sitting down in a restaurant. In addition, parents who struggle with every penny they have can buy their family meals for a fraction of alternative options. McDonald’s company historian says, â€Å"Working-class families could now afford to feed their kids restaurant food† (Schlosser, 20). Parents want to give their children the best; being financially able to take them to restaurants is a value that could now easily be attained with the emergence of the fast-food industry. Fast food chains have expanded beyond American borders for potential growth. McDonalds alone has over seventeen thousand restaurants in over 120 countries globally. That number does not include KFC, Pizza Hut, Burger King or Domino’s Pizza. They all receive a majority of their profit through overseas markets. Fast food chains symbolize Western economies and therefore, seen as the channel to economic prosperity in countries that are struggling (Schlosser, 229). Natives of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and countless other nations literally lined up for hours outside of brand new fast food franchises to purchase American food (Schlosser, 230). The billionaire responsible for bringing McDonald’s to Japan went as far as saying that eating their hamburgers would make them white, blonde and taller in stature (Schlosser, 231). The campaign to Americanize the world is more overwhelming now with people in every corner of the globe spending their money on American fast food. The saying â€Å"you are what you eat† is heavily campaigned outside of the United States. People are consuming KFC, Burger King, Pizza Hut and McDonald’s food in hopes to become more like Americans. After reading Fast Food Nation and analyzing this specific aspect of the fast food industry, I am able to form my own opinion. My first and foremost reaction to all of this is about health issues. There is a huge problem with feeding children food that is lacking in the nutrients necessary to grow and reach their highest potential in the future. Parents are feeding their children fast food but what were they [parents] fed as children? There was a lot more emphasis on home-cooked meals and the family sitting down for dinner every night back when today’s parents were growing up. Children are drinking sodas, eating processed hamburgers and other greasy foods without any previous knowledge to make that decision. They are not taught about nutrition and what they are really putting in their bodies before nagging their parents to get the latest toy in a happy meal, as an example. The most important years in a person’s life should be sustained with the best nutrients possible. I know that personally, my mother cooked a majority of my meals growing up and having fast food was a treat. Now I can make educated decisions on what foods to consume. I think that anything in moderation is acceptable; it is the families that get a different fast food meal four or five times a week that concern me. Along the same lines, parents are not setting the right examples for their children when they stop at the local drive-thru to grab dinner. There must be a balance between stimulating economies and sustaining healthy lives of all ages. In Fast Food Nation, Eric Schlosser describes children, parents and people living outside of American borders as targeted consumers by the fast-food industry. Kids are subjected to advertisements and several other ploys so that they will coerce their parents to buy them products from fast-food restaurants. Because they are such a large influence on the consumption of fast food, they are directly targeted as consumers. The parents are affected both indirectly and directly as consumers; they consume fast food for themselves and their children. Fast-food chains have made it convenient for parents who work atypical hours and those who cannot afford other meal options. With the success of the fast-food industry in America, corporations have moved their efforts to international patrons. Fast food has become a major symbol of Western living and is highly desirable to many foreign nations. The consumers’ love of fast food proves economic success, but does it show success in other aspects of human life? People have become so accustomed to purchasing fast-food meals that the entire standard of nutrition and healthy living has gone down; we truly are a fast food nation.

Interrelationship between Psychology and Biology Essay

Of late Psychologists have shown a keen interest in Biology, which even today is considered a completely different discipline of study by many. However the fact is that both these disciplines are interconnected. Sickness of the mind affects body and vice versa. According to Nidamboor, â€Å"Stress, depression, and other psychological factors make us vulnerable to many diseases. This is so because the relation between mind and health is balanced not only by our own behavior but also by our biological connections. There are links between our brain and the immune system, which sometimes work in opposite directions.† (para. 5) As a result if we are suffering from a biological disease then it affects are behavior, emotions and interactions with others. In order to get to the crux of behavioral problems it is very important for the psychologists to have a fair idea of the biological history of a person. This approach would positively affect the diagnosis and the psychological treatmments that an individual is undergoing. Psychological problems like anxiety disorders, personality disorders, depressive disorders and behavioral disorders have their roots in the biological problems that one is facing. For example if a person is handicapped he might suffer from bouts of depression due to his inability to be normal as others. Similarly if a person is too fat or too thin then too his emotional well being is affected by his biological body structure. He might indulge in inappropriate eating behaviors and might suffer from a feeling of worthlessness and low self esteem. Hence it is extremely imperative for psychologists to get thorough knowledge about a client’s status of biological wellbeing. Since there is an extraordinary link between our minds and bodies imbalance of either would affect the other and perhaps this is why psychologists are so concerned with biology. References Nidamboor, R. (2009). How psychology affects biology. Retrieved April 25, 2009 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.mydigitalfc.com/2009/how-psychology-affects-biology

Course Syllabi- History of Graphic Design Essay

Course Description History of Graphic Design is a critical contextual research and survey study of the intents, influences, practices, and artifacts of graphic design. The course will be structured on readings, research, and visual presentations on subjects of designer activities throughout history with an emphasis on the broader historical context of the planning, production, form, distribution, reception and cultural integration of graphic design Student Handbook The Student Handbook is now available digitally rather than in hard copy. It can be found on the PNCA website (under Student Life) and on Homeroom (Home page, under PNCA Essentials). Disability Support PNCA is in compliance with federal law requiring colleges to provide reasonable accommodations for students with documented physical and/or learning disabilities. If you have a disability that might affect your performance in this class, please make it known to the instructor. Learning Outcomes At the conclusion of this course, the student should be able to : - ­Ã¢â‚¬  Demonstrate and articulate in discussions, writings, and visual presentations an understanding of the historical context of the creation of a work of graphic design (i.e. – time, place, culture, intents) - ­Ã¢â‚¬  Synthesize readings and lectures and be able to formulate and post discussion points and prepare visual examples for peer review and feedback (as comments) using online tools - ­Ã¢â‚¬  Utilize, and bibliographically document, a range of resources used for the study of the history of graphic design (books, journals, periodicals, online, interviews) - ­Ã¢â‚¬  Creative Practice Identify the roles, activities, and trades of communication design professionals throughout history and distinguish specific fields related to and integrated with the profession of graphic design - ­Ã¢â‚¬  Learning Outcomes are linked to PNCA’s Core Values which are: Identify and articulate the influence of fine art (theories, trends, aesthetics, visual styles) on the work of graphic designers Integrated Knowledge, Critical Thinking, & Cultural Inquiry Social and Ethical Responsibility Course Content initiate, and participate in, discussion on the planning, process, production and distribution of works of graphic design - ­Ã¢â‚¬  Effective Communication - ­Ã¢â‚¬  formulate a connection of the cultural influences on design from history with practices of contemporary graphic designers through examples, writings, and discussions Assignments for this Class: - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  - ­Ã¢â‚¬  Required Readings and discussion with evidence of comprehension Weekly Subject Research and On-line Posting to Homeroom Weekly In-Class presentations Final Research Paper Topics for weekly research will include: Design during Cultural Upheavals / World Conflicts Design for Social Causes / Design for Social Good Design for Commerce, Consumption, Commercialism Information Design / Dissemination and Distribution of Information Technological Changes and its Influence on Graphic Design Design as Author, Designer as Artist, Whole Designer The Concept of Brand and the Development of Brand Identity Low Design / Bad Design Major Benchmarks in Typography Reactionary Design / Culture Jamming Expectations/Policies for this course: Students are required to read and to be ready to articulate a response to all readings assigned in class. Each week there will be an assigned subject research topic that will require independent sourcing, image documentation, writing, and on-line posting on the ‘Homeroom’ site established for the course. Each student will make a 5-10 minute presentation of each assignment postings during classtime with an expectation of the use of prepared supported notes for verbal elaboration on the material presented. In-class and on-line participation in the form of response and discussion and will be expected and recorded. A final research project on the relatedness of the topics of historical practice presented to the practices of a contemporary designer or design firm/group will be in the form of a research paper. (8-10 pages minimum) Attendance You will be allowed two absences without additional penalty – although you are responsible for any work that is missed. The third absence will result in the lowering of an entire letter grade from the computed final grade. A fourth absence will result in a final failing grade of F. Missing 30 minutes of a class period (during any part of the scheduled classtime) counts as an absence. Frequent tardiness (less than 15 minutes) will accumulate to absences (3 tardies =1 absence) Number of hours students are expected to work outside of class: This class meets for three hours per week, and six hours of work outside of class are expected. (3 credits) Grading Criteria †¢ Weekly Research Assignments timely completion / in-class presentation preparedness and comprehensiveness †¢ In-Class participation/contributions †¢ On-Line participation/contributions †¢ Final Research Paper Materials / Supplies Required: †¢ Access to, or ownership of, equipment to scan/photograph (digitize), upload and review visual and text information on a regular daily basis. (Computer and Camera/Scanner) †¢ Money for photocopying (approx. $20 projected) †¢ Flash Drive (2-4gb) Recommended: History of Graphic Design text purchases (Personal library) Bibliography The books listed here are predominantly larger volumes dedicated to a broad overview and history of graphic design. (More may be added during the semester) Many less comprehensive but key texts are available in the library as well as journals and periodicals that are specific to designers, styles, and various other edited groupings – these should be sought out and reviewed andutilized especially for more indepth study on a research subject. Major Texts of the History of Graphic Design Those mark with asterisk* are on reserve shelf at front desk of PNCA library and are available on 3 hr. check out (note: many of these text have duplicates or earlier editions and are available for longer check out periods if needed) Title: Meggs, History of Graphic Design, 4th Edition* Author(s): Philip Meggs, Alston Purvis Publisher: Wiley ISBN: 978047169902 Library Call#: Z 246 .M43 1983 Title: Graphic Design, a Concise History* Author: Richard Hollis Publisher: Thames & Hudson world of art ISBN 0500203474 Library Call#: NC 998 .H65 1994 Title: Graphic Design: a New History* (1st and 2nd Editions) Author: Stephen Eskilson Publisher: Yale University Press ISBN: 0300120117 Library Call#: NC 998 .E85 2007 (1st Edition in Library*) Students are invited to contribute to the additions to this bibliography through their weekly research and presentation. All sources should be cited using MLA citation methods. Title: Graphic Design History, A Critical Guide* Author(s): Johanna Drucker, Emily McVarish Publisher: Pearson/Prentice Hall ISBN: 0132410753 Library Call#: NC 998 .D78 2009 Title: Graphic Design in America* Author(s): Mildred Friedman, Joseph Giovannini, Steven Heller Publisher: Walker Art Center ISBN: 0810910365 Library Call#: NC 998.5 .A1 G65 Title: Design, Writing, Research* Author(s): Ellen Lupton, Abbot Miller Publisher: Kiosk ISBN: 1568980477 Library Call#: Z 246 .L86 1996 Title: Communication Design, Principles, Methods, and Practice Author: Jorge Frascara Publisher: Allworth Press ISBN: 1581153651 Title: A Century of Graphic Design Author: Jeremy Aynsley Publisher: Barron’s Educational Series ISBN: 0764153242 Library Call#: NC 998.4 .A96 2001 Other Readings: Journal: Visible Language 28.3, New Perspectives, Critical Histories of Graphic Design, Pt. 1 Critiques Editor and Publisher: Sharon Poggenpohl Digital reference (Links) sites should be added to online postings On-Line History of Graphic Design Reference www.designhistory.org Weekly Course Schedule Week 1 6 Sept Week 2 13 Sept Friday, 13 September is the last day to add or drop a class. All information (dates, times and assignments) in this schedule is subject to change at any point during the semester. Updates will be announced and posted. Welcome / Introductions Class Expectations / Syllabus Overview / Course Structure / Assignments Using Homeroom / Communication Expectations Course Resources Reading Assigned (Posted on Homeroom) Critical Histories of Graphic Design Discussion of Readings on the approaches to History of Graphic Design development Lecture: Brief History of Graphic Design, Pt.1 Read on Homeroom these posted excerpts for this class: Graphic Design History, a critical guide, by Drucker and McVarish, Communication Design, Principles, Methods, and Practice, by Frascara, Graphic Design, a Concise History, by Hollis, Megg’s History of Graphic Design, by Meggs and Purvis, Visible Language 28.3 New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design, article by Blauvelt Also read (for this classes visual lecture): â€Å"Prehistoric Prelude to Graphic Design† from Graphic Design History, a Critical Guide, by Drucker and McVarish Week 3 20 Sept Lecture: Brief History of Graphic Design, Pt.2 Read on Homeroom these posted excerpts for this class: â€Å"Early Writing: Mark Making, Notations Systems, and Scripts† from Graphic Design History, a Critical Guide, by Drucker and McVarish Lecture: Conventions and Norms Overview of Weekly Research Project Topics, Objectives, Goals, Expectations, Methods Introduction of Topic 1: Design during Cultural Upheavals / World Conflict Week 4 27 Sept Student Research Presentations of Topic 1: Design during Cultural Upheavals / World Conflict Questions and Discussion Introduction of Topic 2: Design for Social Causes / Design for Social Good Week 5 4 Oct Student Research Presentations of Topic 2: Design for Social Causes / Design for Social Good Questions and Discussion Introduction of Topic 3: Design for Commerce, Consumption, Commercialism Week 6 11 Oct Student Presentations of Topic 3: Design for Commerce, Consumption, Commercialism Questions and Discussion Introduction of Topic 4: Information Design / Dissemination and Distribution of Information Week 7 18 Oct Student Presentations of Topic 4: Information Design / Dissemination and Distribution of Information Questions and Discussion Introduction of Topic 5: Technological Changes and its Influence on Graphic Design Week 8 25 Oct Student Presentations of Topic 5: Technological Changes and its Influence on Graphic Design Questions and Discussion Introduction of Topic 6: Design as Author, Designer as Artist, Whole Designer Friday, 25 October is the last day to withdraw from a class. Week 9 1 Nov Student Presentations of Topic 6: Design as Author, Designer as Artist, Whole Designer Questions and Discussion Introduction of Topic 7: The Concept of Brand and the Development of Brand Identity Week 10 8 Nov Student Presentations of Topic 7: The Concept of Brand and the Development of Brand Identity Questions and Discussion Introduction of Topic 8: Low Design / Bad Design Week 11 15 Nov Student Presentations of Topic 8: Low Design / Bad Design Questions and Discussion Introduction of Topic 9: Major Benchmarks in Typography Week 12 22 Nov Student Presentations of Topic 9: Low Design / Bad Design Monday, 18 November SP14 registration begins Questions and Discussion Introduction of Topic 10: Reactionary Design / Culture Jamming Week 13 29 Nov Thanksgiving Holiday. No class. Week 14 6 Dec Student Presentations of Topic 10: Reactionary Design / Culture Jamming Questions and Discussion Final Paper – Topic Determination Week 15 13 Dec Final Paper Draft Due – Individual Meetings Week 16 20 Dec Final Class – Course Wrap-up / Overview Friday, 20 December Last day of classes. Please note: The rest of the template is uniform for all PNCA classes, it includes: PNCA grading policy, statement on plagiarism, library & ACE. This section should be included in any electronic versions of the syllabus, but doesn’t need to be distributed to students in paper form. ACE The Academic Center for Excellence (ACE) @PNCA is a peer driven support network for students at all levels. ACE provides in person and online assistance with the following: study skills, digital tools, research, writing and editing strategies, math, professional practices (rà ©sumà ©s, cover letters, documentation), idea generation, project management, organization, and more. For more information, location and hours, please visit the ACE Homeroom site: http://homeroom.pnca.edu/sites/1019 About Your Library The Charles Voorhies Fine Art Library provides research assistance, help with citations and bibliographies and a place to document your artwork. Whether you are looking for articles, books, audio collections, DVDs, or Web resources, the library can help! For research help contact Dan McClure (dmcclure@pnca.edu) and for help with library materials contact Serenity Ibsen (sibsen@pnca.edu). More information is available at www.library.pnca.edu. Statement on Academic Integrity PNCA values intellectual honesty and encourages authentic expression, independent thinking and original writing. The College expects that all work conducted and submitted by our students shall be the combined result of original thought and ethical research. All acts of plagiarism, whether deliberate or unintentional, are considered a violation of the Student Code of Conduct and will not be tolerated on the PNCA campus. It is the student’s responsibility to be aware of and to act in accordance with the PNCA Guidelines for Academic Honesty. This is a document that defines plagiarism, discusses the conventions of ethical research and documentation, and explains the appropriate uses of source materials. These guidelines also describe the student’s responsibility for maintaining documentation and evidence of research in order to verify originality in all writing assignments at PNCA. The document: PNCA Guidelines for Academic Honesty is provided for you in the following locat ions on campus: the Student Handbook, the Library’s Homeroom site, the Academic Integrity HomeRoom site, the ACE HomeRoom site, the Foundation HomeRoom site, the Liberal Arts Homeroom site. You may also view written copies of the PNCA Guidelines for Academic Honesty in the office of Student Services, the Academic Dean’s office, and the PNCA Library. Student Information + Responsibilities Students are expected to have in their possession a current edition of the Student Handbook. Students are responsible for all the information contained in the handbook, and should refer to the handbook frequently for deadlines, policies, procedures, and responsibilities. Student Handbooks are available in the office of Student Services. Students are expected to check their student mailboxes frequently for communications from their instructors or from the administrative offices of the college. Week Two is the last week that you may add or drop a class with no penalty. Week Eight is the last week that you may withdraw from a class with a â€Å"W.† PNCA Grading Criteria This is the institutional grading policy for all PNCA students. Grades are distributed after the end of each semester. Grading Criteria Grade A: Student performance is outstanding. Student exhibits excellent achievement and craftsmanship in all aspects of work. Student exceeds the problem criteria and consistently challenges himself/herself to seek fresh solutions to assigned problems. Student exhibits a commitment to expanding ideas, vocabulary and performance. Student’s attendance, participation and class involvement are excellent. Grade B: Student performs beyond requirements of assignments. Student exhibits above-average progress and craftsmanship in all work. Student meets and exceeds the problem criteria. Student exhibits above-average interest in expanding ideas, vocabulary and performance. Student’s attendance, participation and class involvement are above average. Grade C: Student performance is average and all requirements are fulfilled. Student exhibits an average level of progress and improvement in all work. Student meets the problem criteria. Student exhibits interest in expanding ideas, vocabulary and performance. Student’s attendance, participation and class involvement are adequate. Grade D: Student performance is uneven and requirements are partially fulfilled. Student’s output is minimal. Student exhibits minimal improvement in work. Student does not meet the problem criteria in all assignments. Student exhibits minimal interest in expanding ideas, vocabulary and performance. Student’s attendance, participation and class involvement are less than adequate. Grade F: No credit earned. Student fails to meet a minimum performance level. Student does not exhibit achievement, progress or adequate levels of craftsmanship in all assignments. Student’s work is consistently incomplete or unsuccessful. Student’s attendance, participation and class involvement are inadequate. Pass/Fail Grade: A Pass/Fail grade will be given for designated courses in which the course content is such that direct faculty oversight of the learning experience is not possible, and evaluation on the present grading scale would be difficult. â€Å"Pass† implies a â€Å"C† grade or above. â€Å"Fail† implies less than a â€Å"C† grade and course work graded as â€Å"Fail† does not apply to the degree. Pass/Fail grades are not calculated in the grade point average. This grading applies to Internships. Graphic Design Co-op uses traditional letter grades. Incompletes In certain situations, a student may request an â€Å"Incomplete† grade in a class. You may petition for an â€Å"Incomplete† only if your situation meets both of these conditions: 1. An extenuating circumstance exists and it has prevented you from completing the coursework (Extenuating circumstances are illnesses, family, emergencies, etc.), 2. You are currently in good standing in the class. See the Student Handbook for more information about Grades and Incompletes.

Review a play (yankee Tavern) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Review a play (yankee Tavern) - Essay Example Watching Palmer (played by Steve Key) talk about conspiracies in such a strong yet casual manner actually forced me to question the official story and believe that they can actually have something more attached to themselves than just the ring of truth. I usually do not find myself so easily or quickly mesmerized to plays or movies. This surely proved otherwise, and the credits to that certainly go to Rich Cotovsky, who plays Ray. I would not be surprised if he gets a Jeff nomination for this performance of his. For me, he was the best. The way he puts up a surprisingly soft side in contrast to his crusty, hard exterior is admirable. He has quite a number of comical lines during the play, and his delicious delivery of them managed to crack me up at almost all of them, and kept reminding me of the sarcastic humor of a weird uncle I have, who likes to tell weird stories just to amuse himself. Also, the way he delivers his drunken, crazy theories with amazing wit and believability is simply outstanding. Weirdly though, I loved Key’s character more than Ray’s. It is most probably because his character, the quietly creepy Palmer, basically represents all the buried secrets and hushed up facts that I believe our government has kept from us, all this time. Palmer is mysterious and the way he walks out of the bar, after indicating he knows more stuff about everyone and everything than he logically should, gives that mystery factor a major boost. Palmer makes you question everything if you had not already been doing so previously. Palmer’s scene in Act 2 was a long, killer one where he unlocks all kinds of good stuff for his audience. More importantly, he made me wish that the previous act had been as energetic and emphatic as this one had been. The set design, done by Grant Sabin, further evokes the theme of the play, quite artfully. Yankee Tavern has been featured

Writrer choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writrer choice - Essay Example The notion that only African, as opposed to other races, were only fit to serve as slaves was an invention of whites who were in need of a working class.2 The working class, however, had to be legitimized; the legitimacy was that Africans could not fit elsewhere, but in the institution of slavery. More specifically, this paper compares the works of David walker’s appeal to the colored citizens of the world and Leslie Harris’s in the shadow of slavery. It will be argued that class was fundamental in institutionalization of the racial slavery, and the race solidarity in New York in the seventieth century. David Walker is a male abolitionist of an African- American origin. Further, the outspoken abolitionist was born to a slave father, but the mother was a free black mother.3 However, owing to the status of his mother, David Walker enjoyed that status of being a free black person. The author used his position as a free person to speak against the evils of slavery. In this work, appeal to the colored citizens of the world, the author writes against the evils of slavery in a bid to draw the attention of African American to a need for abolition of this practice. The first goal of his writing is to encourage the solidarity of African living under slavery. Walkers’ position as a free African during a period when slavery is ubiquitous in New York is likely to be instrumental in luring slaves into seeking a free African status. Whites during this era of slavery in New York have established a social class, and justified their actions as far has holding slaves is concern. In essence, the white slave owners believe that Africans are inferior, and do not belong to the social class of whites.4 To illustrate this, the author writes, â€Å"Has Mr. [Thomas] Jefferson declared to the world, that we are inferior to the whites, both in the endowments of

Environmental Analysis of Louis Vuitton Assignment

Environmental Analysis of Louis Vuitton - Assignment Example Environmental analysis of an organization is necessary to realize the impacts that several factors might have on an organization. Such analysis enables business organizations to identify the threats and opportunities and thus a company is capable of considering the effective measures accordingly (Jain, Trehan & Trehan, n.d., p.21). Macro environment of an organization refers to the environment external to an organization and includes factors like the political-legal environment, the technological state, and the socio-cultural environment. Micro environment on the other hand refers to the internal environment that includes factors like the organizational employees, the board, the consumers, the contractors, the competitions, the financial organizations associated with a business as well as the governmental impacts (Management: The Business Environment of Organizations, 2012). The present study has considered Louis Vuitton as the business to make a detailed learning on the organization ’s macro and micro environment thereby trying to reflect on its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Louis Vuitton: An Overview: The Louis Vuitton fashion house has its name from the founder of the company, Louis Vuitton who was a fashion designer by profession. Initially he had been involved in manufacture of trunks in Paris and his company became famous for luxury goods. The luggage company along with its designer logo has made its presence successful and leading through its availability of luxury goods for its consumers, and products like books, perfumes, distilled spirits as well as designer clothing (Louis Vuitton, 2012). Purses, wallets and women bags as offered by the company are highly popular. Louis Vuitton Company merged with Moet et Chandon and Hennessy in the year 1987 that led to the creation of luxury powerhouse anagram LVMH. Ten years after this merger, the business started offering ready to wear products and other clothing (Label Overview, 2012). In the present times, the company is known to have its presence in several countries across the world that includes Japan, China and Asia among others . There are around 130 retail stores of the company in total across the world. With the passing years, newer ranges of handbags and accessories are being designed and presented by Louis Vuitton. The company focuses on creation of new, graceful, and sensible up to date luxuries with value. These primarily cater to those consumers who believe in style, and are aware of the latest designs being offered, thus following the up to date trends of fashion (Louis Vuitton (1821-1892), 2012, pp.16-28). Macro Environment Analysis of the Company: The macro environment analysis of Louis Vuitton would involve the relevant environmental trends in the external factors that might affect the company and its operations to achieve its desired goals and objectives. Economic Factors: The economic factors that may affect Louis Vuitton include the rates of interest, the changes in the systems of taxation, the rates of economic growths, the inflation rates and rates of exchange that are generally varied depe nding on different countries

Energy drink case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Energy drink case - Research Paper Example It is, therefore, feasible to posit that market positioning of alternative beverages is largely dependent on product differentiation. Just like in production of carbonated drinks, principal sellers in alternative soft drinks industry are globally renowned beverage manufacturers like PepsiCo and Coca-Cola (Barr & Hajela, 2013). This is ascribable to the fact that the two companies already had strong brands in the beverage industry before venturing into the provision of alternative beverages. Nonetheless, other beverage manufacturers like Hansen Natural Corporation, which produces Monster Energy and Red Bull GmbH, have succeeded in building recognized brands, while gaining a considerable share of the potent alternative beverage industry. Even though the latter industry was projected to sustain the steady growth observed previously, it suffered a setback following the 2008 financial recession. Unfavorable economic conditions impeded consumers’ buying capacity thus resulting in a significant decline in sales, particularly those of highly-priced alternative beverages. All the same, industry analysts foresee improvement in sales of alternative soft drinks with time, as carbonated drinks consumers progressively shift their preference towards the relatively new beverage category. Competing companies in this industry can only increase their chances of success depending on their readiness to match volatility of consumer trends, capacity to build brand loyalty, willingness to adopt innovation, and ability to increase distribution and marketing channels, among other distinctive strategies. Global beverage organizations like PepsiCo and Coca-Cola are focusing on reversing the major decline of carbonated by venturing into production of alternative beverages. These organizations have expanded their market presence by introducing vitamin drinks, sports drinks, and energy drinks in the international market (Esterl, 2013). Additionally,